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reckon the beginning of the year

  • 1 clavus

    clāvus, i, m. [root klu-, v. claudo; prop. that which shuts or fastens].
    I.
    A nail, usually of metal.
    A.
    Lit.:

    offerumentas habebis pluris Quam ulla navis longa clavos,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 48:

    (leges) ad parietem fixae clavis ferreis,

    id. Trin. 4, 3, 32; so,

    clavi ferrei,

    Cato, R. R. 18 fin.; Caes. B. G. 3, 13; Vitr. 7, 3 al.—Sometimes of hard wood:

    clavis corneis occludere,

    Cato, R. R. 18 fin.:

    cornus... lignum utile, si quid cuneandum sit in ligno clavisve figendum ceu ferreis,

    Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206:

    clavis religare tigna,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

    clavos per modica intervalla figentes,

    Liv. 28, 20, 4.—

    Acc. to a Tuscan usage the ancient Romans designated the number of the year by nails, which the highest magistrate annually, at the Ides of September, drove into the wall of Jupiter's temple: clavo ab dictatore fixo,

    Liv. 7, 3, 3 sqq.; 8, 18, 12 sq.; 9, 28, 6: clavus annalis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 56, 10 Müll.; cf.

    O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 329 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 263. Also, in a later age, country people seem to have kept an account of the years in this way,

    Petr. 135, 8, 9.—Prov.: clavo clavum eicere, to drive out one nail by another (Gr. hêlôi ton hêlon, pattalôi ton pattalon, sc. dei exelaunein):

    novo quidam amore veterem amorem tamquam clavo clavum eiciendum putant,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75: aliquid trabali clavo figere, to fasten with a large nail, to clinch a matter, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53; Arn. 2, p. 51.—
    2.
    As a symbol of immovable firmness:

    Necessitas Clavos trabales Gestans,

    Hor. C. 1, 35, 18:

    si figit adamantinos Necessitas Clavos,

    id. ib. 3, 24, 7; cf. O. Müll. as above cit., p. 331.—Hence,
    B.
    Trop.:

    ex hoc die clavum anni movebis,

    i. e. reckon the beginning of the year, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 1:

    fixus animus clavo Cupidinis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 4.—Prov.:

    beneficium trabali clavo figere (v. trabalis),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53 Zumpt; cf. Arn. 2, p. 51.—
    II.
    Meton. of objects of like form.
    A.
    ( Lit. the handle of the rudder, the tiller; hence, pars pro toto.) The rudder, helm, in gen. (only sing.): ut clavum rectum teneam, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 2, 12 (Ann. v. 472 Vahl.):

    clavum ad litora torquere,

    Verg. A. 5, 177 Serv.; 10, 218.—
    b.
    Trop.:

    clavum tanti imperii tenere et gubernacula rei publicae tractare,

    Cic. Sest. 9, 20:

    abicere,

    to leave off the care of a thing, Arn. 3, 106: dum clavum rectum teneam, if I keep a steady helm, am not negligent (as in Gr. orthan tan naun), Quint. 2, 17, 24 Spald.; cf. the passage of Enn. supra. —
    B.
    In medic. lang., a painful tumor or excrescence, a wart, a corn; on the feet, Cels. 5, 28, 14. clavis in pedibus mederi, Plin. 20, 17, 71, § 184; 22, 23, 49, § 101 sq.; 26, 11, 66, § 106; 28, 16, 62, § 222;

    on the eye,

    Cels. 6, 7, 12;

    in the nose,

    Plin. 24, 14, 77, § 126;

    upon the neck of cattle,

    Col. 6, 14, 6;

    in sheep,

    id. 7, 5, 11.—Also a disease of the olive-tree, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 223.—
    C.
    A kind of abortion of bees, Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 50.—
    D.
    A purple stripe on the tunica, which, for senators, was broad (latus, cf. laticlavius); for the equites, narrow (angustus; cf.

    angusticlavius). In the time of the emperors, however, the sons of the senators and equites also, who were preparing for civil office, wore the latus clavus,

    Liv. 9, 7, 9; Varr. L. L. 9, § 79 Müll.; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 29 Jahn; cf. Hor. S. 1, 5, 36; 1, 6, 28; Quint. 11, 3, 138; Vell. 2, 88, 2; Suet. Aug. 94: tunicam ita consuere, ut altera plagula sit angustis clavis, altera latis, Varr L. L. 9, § 47 Müll.—Hence the phrase: latum clavum ab Caesare impetravi, i. e. I have become senator, Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 2; cf.:

    clavum alicui tribuere,

    Suet. Claud. 24:

    impetrare,

    id. Vesp. 4:

    adimere,

    id. Tib. 35:

    adipisci,

    id. Vesp. 2.—Rarely a purple stripe on bed or table cloths, Amm. 16, 8, 8.—
    2.
    Poet., a tunic, in gen., either wide or narrow striped:

    mutare in horas,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 10:

    sumere depositum,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 25.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > clavus

  • 2 clāvus

        clāvus ī, m    [CLAV-], a nail: clavi ferrei, Cs.: clavos figentes, L.: clavo ab dictatore fixo, L.: ex hoc die clavum anni movebis, i. e. reckon the beginning of the year: tamquam clavo clavum eiciendum: beneficium trabali clavo figere, with a spike, i. e. to clinch: Necessitas Clavos trabalīs Gestans, H. — A rudder, helm: clavum ad litora torquere, V. — Fig.: clavum tanti imperi. — A purple stripe (on the tunic, broad for senators, narrow for the equites): lati clavi, L.: latus clavus (absurdly assumed by the praefect of a village), H.—Poet., a striped tunic: mutare, H.
    * * *
    I
    callus, wart, tumor, excrescence; foul brood in bees; fungus disease in olives
    II
    nail, spike, rivet; purple stripe on tunic; tiller/helm, helm of ship of state

    Latin-English dictionary > clāvus

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